If you’ve ever wondered how to find a business’s VAT number in the UK, you’re not alone. For businesses and individuals, understanding and verifying VAT (Value Added Tax) numbers is crucial for ensuring legal compliance and smooth transactions. In this guide, we'll explain what a VAT number is, how to verify it and why it matters.
What is a VAT registration number?
A VAT registration number is a unique identifier assigned to businesses to collect VAT to HM Revenue and Customs (HMRC) in the UK. It’s essential for businesses that meet the VAT registration threshold (currently £90,000 in turnover annually) or that voluntarily register for VAT.
This number acts as proof of a business’s legal VAT registration and is required on all VAT invoices, credit notes, and official correspondence. If you’re engaging with a VAT-registered company, you may need to find and verify their VAT number for tax or accounting purposes.
💡Editor's insight
"You may have heard, the VAT threshold was frozen at £85,000 from 2018 until 1 April 2024. But in recent news and as of 2024, businesses need to register for VAT when their taxable turnover exceeds £90,000 in any 12-month period."
Standard VAT number format in the UK explained
In the UK, VAT numbers follow a specific format. They consist of nine digits and are often prefixed with 'GB' to indicate the country. For example: GB123456789. Here's how the structure works:
The 'GB' prefix signifies the UK
The nine digits are unique to the business
If you’re dealing with a VAT-registered business within the EU or internationally, you might encounter variations in formatting, but for UK-based companies, this standard format applies. Always double-check the number for accuracy before proceeding with financial or legal documentation.
💡Top tip
If your business is based in Northern Ireland and you trade to the EU, you'll need the prefix 'XI' - for example XI123456789.
How can I check a VAT number?
Checking a VAT number ensures that you’re dealing with a legitimate VAT-registered business. It can protect you from fraud and guarantee compliance with tax regulations. There are three main ways to verify a VAT number:
Use HMRC’s online VAT number checker
HMRC provides a free tool to verify UK VAT numbers. This tool checks the validity of the number and confirms whether it’s active. You can visit the HMRC website to access this service.
Use the EU VAT Information Exchange System (VIES)
If you’re dealing with an EU business, the VIES tool can confirm VAT numbers across member states. This is particularly useful if you’re trading within Europe.
Contact HMRC directly
For additional confirmation or issues with online tools, you can reach out to HMRC. Be prepared to provide details such as the VAT number and the business name.
4 free ways to find a company’s VAT numbers
Finding a VAT number is often straightforward, especially if the business is VAT-registered and transparent. Here are a few common methods:
Check invoices or receipts: Businesses must display their VAT number on all VAT invoices, making it an easy first step.
Visit the company’s website: Many businesses list their VAT number in the footer of their website, particularly in their 'Contact' or 'About Us' sections.
Request it directly: If you’re working with a business, don’t hesitate to ask for their VAT number. Legitimate companies will have no issue providing this information.
Search public databases: Some online platforms compile VAT-registered businesses, which can assist you in finding the VAT number you’re looking for. Ensure the database you use is credible and up-to-date.
Steps to check a VAT number is valid
To check if a VAT number is legitimate and valid, follow these steps:
1. Collect the VAT number
Ensure you have the full VAT number, including the 'GB' prefix if it’s UK-based. Double-check for errors or missing digits.
2. Use an official checker tool
Access HMRC’s VAT number checker or the VIES tool for EU numbers. Input the number carefully to avoid discrepancies.
3. Verify additional details
Confirm that the number matches the company name and address. This step can help detect fraudulent use of VAT numbers.
4. Document your checks
For your records, note the date and result of the validation. This is particularly important for audits or disputes.
Why is a VAT number important?
A VAT number isn’t just a formality, it plays a vital role in business operations and compliance. Here’s why:
Legal compliance: UK law mandates VAT-registered businesses to display their VAT number on invoices and official documents. Failure to do so could result in penalties.
Tax accuracy: VAT numbers help ensure that VAT is correctly charged, collected, and reported. This is critical for accurate tax returns and preventing disputes with HMRC.
Fraud prevention: Validating a VAT number protects against fraudulent activity, such as businesses charging VAT without proper registration.
Professional credibility: A valid VAT number reassures customers and partners of a business’s legitimacy, enhancing trust and professionalism.
FAQs
Can I find a VAT number for any business in the UK?
No. You can only find a VAT number for businesses that are VAT-registered. If a company isn’t registered, they won’t have a VAT number, and they are legally prohibited from charging VAT.
What should I do if a VAT number is invalid?
First, recheck the number for typos or errors. If it’s still invalid, contact the business for clarification. If you suspect fraud, report the issue to HMRC.
Do sole traders need a VAT number?
Sole traders only require a VAT number if their turnover exceeds the VAT threshold or if they voluntarily register for VAT.
Can VAT numbers change?
VAT numbers generally remain consistent, but they can change if a business undergoes significant restructuring or re-registration.
Is it possible to search for a VAT number by company name?
Yes, but this is limited to certain databases and tools. HMRC does not provide a public search function for this purpose, so you’ll need to rely on invoices, websites, or direct communication.
When should I register for VAT?
You should register for VAT when your business’s taxable turnover exceeds the £90,000 threshold within a rolling 12-month period. For newly incorporated businesses, VAT registration should be part of your financial planning, alongside preparing the memorandum and articles of association, which outlines your company’s structure and purpose.
Our final thoughts
Understanding where to find a business’s VAT number and how to validate it is essential for maintaining tax compliance and fostering trustworthy business relationships. Whether you’re verifying a supplier, ensuring accurate invoicing, or protecting against fraud, the tips in this guide will help you navigate VAT numbers with confidence.
If you have doubts or concerns about VAT compliance, consult with HMRC, a qualified tax professional or small business solicitor for guidance.
References
Register for VAT from Gov.UK